Problem Sianida (nitril)

How to Changing Cyanide Being Raw Drugs ?


Most would be surprised, how could compound poisons such as cyanide (nitrile) can be utilized as raw material for medicine. Cyanide in small amounts if accidentally consumed is very dangerous. Let alone use it for drugs.
The use of cyanide can be implemented through biotransformation technology with the help of biochemical enzymatic reactions. The role of nitrilase enzymes are very important because it could change the substrate cyanide into carboxylic acid and ammonia compounds are relatively non-toxic to the body. Nitrilase enzymes belonging to the hydrolase enzyme able to hydrolyze the cyanide compounds with the aid of water. Nitrilase enzymes are produced in nature by several microorganisms such as bacteria of the strain Rhodococcus rhodochrus, Pseudomonas putida, Rhodococcus erytropolis, Bacillus licheniformis,Alcaligenes faecalis and so on. In addition to the harness track the performance of the enzyme nitrilase, the use of cyanide can be done also through a amidase enzyme nitrile hidratase and gradually. Hidratase enzyme nitrile group will convert the nitrile compound (R-CN) into a compound with a group Amide (R-CONH2). Meanwhile amidase enzyme will convert the amide compound (R-CONH2) a carboxylic acid compound bergugus (R-COOH) and form a compound of ammonia (NH4).
One application of the use of cyanide compounds, the raw material can be found in drug biotransformation process mandelonitril compound into a compound R-and S-amino acid mandelat mandelat. Compound (S)-acid utilized for the synthesis of alternative mandelat cyclopentenon and commercial drug compounds that are widely used as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on (anti-inflammatory). Meanwhile, the compound (R)-acid as a precursor mandelat useful semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, and drug antiobesitas. Utilization of cyanide compounds into industrial raw materials can be found in theacetonitrile biotransformation, laktonitril, and with the help of the enzyme nitrilase benzonitril a compound of acetic acid, lactic acid, and benzoic acid. Acetic acid is a raw material for acetic acid in the food industry; lactic acid as raw material for the manufacture of yoghurt (sour milk), and benzoic acid is used as a food preservative.
The results of biotransformation enzymes nitrilase other is for the manufacture of adipic acid compound of the substrate adiponitril. Adipic acid is the main ingredient used to synthesize nylon as a very important ingredient in industrial polyamide. Nylon are used as raw material for making fabric, paint, tires, films, resins, and monofilament. Addition of adipic acid is also used as one component in the manufacture of agar-agar, electronic materials such as cables, and carpet cleaning agents.
Utilization of cyanide compounds biotransformation process is also performed in the production of acrylonitrile compound akrilamide of the substrate. Akrilamide is a chemical compound widely used in molecular biology, particularly for the identification and analysis of protein molecular weight compounds by the technique of SDS-PAGE (Sodium Sulfate-Poly Dedosil Acrilamide Gel electrophoresis).
In the last decade, most of the processes in the fields of pharmaceuticals (drugs) and the industry is more geared to the biotransformation process rather than chemical synthesis. As for some of the advantages to be gained by utilizing the biotransformation process, among others, can produce specific chemicals with a high degree of purity, the condition is easily managed, and safe for the environment. Respect that, in the Field of Microbiology any research activities being carried out is the identification and characterization of bacteria that have the ability to produce enzymesthem.